The Birdman cult on Easter Island

This is the “Tangata Manu” festival. The aim of this festival is to designate a second king on Easter Island for one year. The competitor (an influential person) is represented by a servant, the Hopu. He heads with the other competitors to the Orongo cliff and goes to the island of the Birdman which is the furthest, about 2 kilometers from the coast. They must bring back the first tern egg (sea swallows or Manutara in the local language) laid on the islet of Moto Nui. To do this, they must climb a sheer cliff of 180 meters and bring the egg back to their head without breaking it, of course.

During the competition, the population watches on the slope opposite the islet to wait for the winner and ensure that the rules are respected. The Orongo site was located on the part of the crest of the Rano Kao crater that overlooks the high black cliffs where there’s a village with canoe-shaped houses made of stones. The one who brings the egg back to his master then takes the name of “Birdman”, or in the local language Tangata manu; he embodies on Earth the God Maké Maké: the creator of the universe.

The master gained considerable power for a year: he became the second king of Easter Island or obtained a title of military leader. When we know that the tribes fought regularly, we can better perceive the importance of this man. This competition lasted until the end of the 19th century, it would eventually disappear due to the presence of very few original Pascuans “Rapanui” over the years, the traditions being lost.

After the festival, the warrior who brings back the egg will have his head shaved and will have to stay in a cave for a year, until the next celebration. Very few people are allowed to see him and his meals are prepared by the few people authorized to do so, mainly priests. The Bird Man was subject to severe prohibitions because of his sacred character.

When traveling to Chile, think about Easter Island!